Jorge Lobo's disease with malignant degeneration to squamous cell carcinoma: case report

Abstract Jorge Lobo's disease (JLD) is a chronic, granulomatous fungal infection caused by the traumatic implantation of the fungus Lacazia loboi in the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, with the presence of isolated nodular and coalescent keloidal lesions. Malignant degeneration is rare. This case report describes a 64-year-old male patient with JLD for 30-years who showed a change in the aspect of a lesion in the left lower limb. Histopathological examination confirmed the progression to well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SSC). JLD is highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, requiring monitoring concerning the transformation into SSC in long-term lesions.

Jorge Lobo's disease with malignant degeneration to squamous cell carcinoma: case report.

Jorge Lobo's disease (JLD) is a chronic, granulomatous fungal infection caused by the traumatic implantation of the fungus Lacazia loboi in the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, with the presence of isolated nodular and coalescent keloidal lesions. Malignant degeneration is rare. This case report describes a 64-year-old male patient with JLD for 30-years who showed a change in the aspect of a lesion in the left lower limb. Histopathological examination confirmed the progression to well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SSC). JLD is highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, requiring monitoring concerning the transformation into SSC in long-term lesions.

Circuito dos Cuidados Psicossociais: Guia de bolso para profissionais do SAMU 192 / Psychosocial Care Circuit: Pocket Guide for SAMU 192 professionals

Este guia versa sobre o Circuito dos Cuidados Psicossociais, que se refere a uma abordagem sistematizada para auxiliar profissionais de saúde no manejo das crises psíquicas no âmbito das emergências em saúde mental. Este material fornece orientações básicas para que os profissionais possam prestar atendimentos com maior qualidade, assertividade e segurança, atuando como agentes de promoção de saúde e respeitando a autonomia e o protagonismo das pessoas assistidas. O Circuito tem como mnemônico AEIOU, e cada letra corresponde a um elemento avaliado como necessário a qualquer intervenção em crise psíquica, a saber: acolhimento, escuta ativa, identificação de fatores de risco e proteção, orientações e ultimação. O AEIOU foi criado e introduzido nos treinamentos de emergências em saúde mental promovidos pelo SAMU 192 do Distrito Federal, inclusive no Curso de Formação de Multiplicadores em Urgências e Emergências em Saúde Mental para profissionais dos SAMUs dos 26 estados do Brasil, em parceria com o Ministério da Saúde.

Genomic approach for conservation and the sustainable management of endangered species of the Amazon.

A broad panel of potentially amplifiable microsatellite loci and a multiplex system were developed for the Amazonian symbol fish species Arapaima gigas, which is currently in high danger of extinction due to the disorderly fishing exploitation. Several factors have contributed to the increase of this threat, among which we highlight the lack of genetic information about the structure and taxonomic status of the species, as well as the lack of accurate tools for evaluation of the effectivity of current management programs. Based on Arapaima gigas' whole genome, available at the NCBI database (ID: 12404), a total of 95,098 unique perfect microsatellites were identified, including their proposed primers. From this panel, a multiplex system containing 12 tetranucleotide microsatellite markers was validated. These tools are valuable for research in as many areas as bioinformatics, ecology, genetics, evolution and comparative studies, since they are able to provide more accurate information for fishing management, conservation of wild populations and genetic management of aquaculture.

Post-surgical complications of median nerve release at the wrist level.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a set of signs and symptoms caused by compression of the median nerve as it travels through the wrist at the carpal tunnel. The diagnosis is clinical and based on the presence of characteristic signs and symptoms. Proper nonsurgical treatment can stop the progression of this disorder and prevent the development of permanent disability. Surgical treatment may be indicated to patients with complications rated as moderate to severe. Although the surgery is relatively simple, basic antisepsis care before, during, and after the procedure, and guidance of patients for the management of wound hygiene upon discharge, make recovery more secure and prevent disabling sequelae. We report a case of a patient that had infection, edema, and temporary loss of flexibility of the fingers after a surgical procedure to release the median nerve.

Neurostimulation Combined With Cognitive Intervention in Alzheimer's Disease (NeuroAD): Study Protocol of Double-Blind, Randomized, Factorial Clinical Trial.

Despite advances in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is currently no prospect of a cure, and evidence shows that multifactorial interventions can benefit patients. A promising therapeutic alternative is the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) simultaneously with cognitive intervention. The combination of these non-pharmacological techniques is apparently a safe and accessible approach. This study protocol aims to compare the efficacy of tDCS and cognitive intervention in a double-blind, randomized and factorial clinical trial. One hundred participants diagnosed with mild-stage AD will be randomized to receive both tDCS and cognitive intervention, tDCS, cognitive intervention, or placebo. The treatment will last 8 weeks, with a 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be the improvement of global cognitive functions, evaluated by the AD Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog). The secondary outcomes will include measures of functional, affective, and behavioral components, as well as a neurophysiological marker (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF). This study will enable us to assess, both in the short and long term, whether tDCS is more effective than the placebo and to examine the effects of combined therapy (tDCS and cognitive intervention) and isolated treatments (tDCS vs. cognitive intervention) on patients with AD. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02772185-May 5, 2016.

Urgências e emergências em saúde mental: a experiência do Núcleo de Saúde Mental do SAMU/DF / Urgencies and emergencies in mental health: the experience of the SAMU / DF Mental Health Center

INTRODUÇÃO: A demanda crescente de atendimento a pessoas com transtornos mentais, aliada a uma política de garantia de direitos e proteção dessas pessoas, fomentou a criação de um serviço de saúde mental no SAMU/DF. MÉTODO: Por meio de teleatendimento e de uma viatura tripulada por equipe multiprofissional, o serviço surgiu em 2013 e se tornou 24h em julho de 2016. Capacitações são oferecidas a profissionais para cobrir um déficit de formação. RESULTADOS: Prevenção do suicídio e de agravos psíquicos, redução de remoções e internações hospitalares, maior encaminhamento à rede e otimização dos recursos. CONCLUSÃO: Trata-se de importante ferramenta de apoio à rede que merece ser ampliada futuramente.

Perfil do trauma ocular infantil em unidade de emergência oftalmológica / Profile of childhood eye trauma in an ophthalmologic emergency

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o perfil do trauma ocular infantil em unidade de emergência oftalmológica. Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal, revisando prontuários de pacientes até 15 anos em hospital de referência em urgência oftalmológica no período de Abril de 2016 a Março de 2017. Foram coletadas informações do paciente e da história do trauma, agente causador e detalhes envolvidos. No exame oftalmológico, foi verificada a acuidade visual, descrição das lesões e o tipo de conduta realizada. Resultados: Um total de 78 pacientes, 80 olhos foram inclusos. O olho direito foi o menos acometido. Dois pacientes apresentaram afecção bilateral. Cinquenta pacientes (64%) deram entrada pelo sistema único de saúde (SUS). A faixa etária com maior número de casos estava entre 1 a 5 anos. Em relação ao local do acidente, em 42 pacientes ocorreram em ambiente domiciliar. Quanto à lesão ocular envolvida, a maioria dos pacientes apresentaram abrasão corneana como principal tipo de lesão. Sobre a natureza do fator causal do trauma mostrou maior prevalência de traumas com lápis e caneta (14%), bola (13%) e agressão física (19%). Em relação à acuidade visual, 39 pacientes (50%), referiram baixa acuidade visual no olho acometido. Sessenta e nove pacientes (89%) tiveram seguimento exclusivamente ambulatorial. Dois pacientes evoluíram para evisceração ocular. Conclusões: Os acidentes aconteceram mais frequentemente em ambiente domiciliar sendo o trauma fechado a lesão predominante. Sexo masculino representou a maioria dos pacientes inclusos no estudo. A análise epidemiológica do trauma ocular infantil permite elaboração de medidas preventivas baseado no conhecimento dos fatores causais envolvidos.

Abstract Objective: To describe the profile of childhood eye trauma in an ophthalmologic emergency unit. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study reviewing medical records of patients under 15 years of age at a referral hospital in the ophthalmologic emergency sector from April 2016 to March 2017. Information was collected from the patient and the history of the trauma, the type of trauma and details involved. Ophthalmologic exam was performed, visual acuity, lesions description and type of conduct were verified. Results: A total of 78 patients, 80 eyes were included. The right eye was the least affected. Two patients presented bilateral affection. Fifty patients (64%) were admitted through the single health system (SUS). The age group with the highest number of cases was between 1 and 5 years. Regarding the location of the accident, in 42 patients occurred in a home environment. Regarding the ocular lesion involved, most of the patients presented corneal abrasion as the main type of lesion. On the nature of the causal factor of the trauma showed a greater prevalence of traumas with external agents like pencil and pen (14%), ball (13%) and physical aggression (19%). Regarding visual acuity, 39 patients (50%) reported low visual acuity in the affected eye. Sixty-nine patients (89%) had exclusively clinical follow-up. Two patients were referred for ocular evisceration. Conclusions: Accidents occurred more frequently in the home environment and closed globe injuries where predominated. Ocular trauma was more frequent among boys. Programs of education and prevention for ocular trauma in childhood are necessary.

Câncer de pele: caracterização do perfil e avaliação da proteção solar dos pacientes atendidos em serviço universitário / Skin cancer: profile characterization and assessment to sun protection in patients of a college service

Introdução: O câncer de pele é a neoplasia de maior incidência no Brasil. Vários fatores têm sido atribuídos como risco para seu desenvolvimento, como: cor da pele, horário e tempo de exposição ao sol, residência em um país tropical e uso de imunossupressão crônica. Objetivo: descrever os casos de câncer de pele, bem como o hábito de proteção solar na prevenção de lesões causadas por radiação ultravioleta. Métodos: estudo transversal, individualizado e observacional com 50 pacientes, com diagnóstico de câncer de pele, acompanhados no Ambulatório de Dermatologia da Universidade do Estado do Pará, na cidade de Belém (PA), no período de janeiro de 2013 a outubro de 2016. A pesquisa foi feita por meio de um questionário padronizado autoaplicativo. Resultados: Observou-se o maior acometimento de câncer de pele em pacientes com idade > 50 anos (90%), brancos (68%), olhos castanhos (68%), cabelos castanhos (78%), que não faziam uso de filtro solar (86%); com diagnóstico de Carcinoma Basocelular (94%), tendo a face como a área corporal mais acometida (52%). Conclusões: O carcinoma Basocelular com lesões de mais de um ano de surgimento foi o câncer de pele predominante nesta população em que a maioria não apresentava o hábito do uso de filtro solar. (AU)

Introduction: Skin cancer is the cancer with the highest incidence in Brazil. Several factors have been assigned as a risk for its development, such as skin color, exposure time to the sun, living in a tropical country, making use of chronic immunosuppression. Objective: describe the cases of skin cancer and sun protection habits in preventing lesions caused by ultraviolet radiation. Methods: A cross-sectional, individuated and observational study with 50 patients, with the diagnosis of skin cancer accompanied at the dermatology clinic in the Pará State University, in Belém (PA), in the period of October 2016. Results: the greatest involvement of skin cancer was observed in patients with the following characteristics: age > 50 years (90%), White (68%), Brown eyes (68%), Brown hair (78%), did not use sunscreen (86%); as well as the predominance of Basal Cell Carcinoma in patients (94%), having the face as the most affected body area (52%. Conclusion: Basal Cell Carcinoma with lesions more than one year old was the predominant skin cancer in the population, in which the majority did not have the habit of using sunscreen. (AU)

Perfil do trauma ocupacional ocular em unidade de emergência oftalmológica / Profile of occupational eye injury in an ophthalmologic emergency department

Introdução: Trauma ocular é o motivo mais frequente de atendimentos nas emergências oftalmológicas, sendo uma das principais causas de cegueira evitável no mundo e causando grande impacto socioeconômico no sistema de saúde e na população. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico dos traumas oculares decorrentes de acidentes de trabalho, as sequelas visuais e o impacto socioeconômico. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, por meio de revisão de prontuário dos pacientes portadores de trauma ocular ocupacional atendidos em emergência oftalmológica no período de abril a agosto de 2016. Resultados: Foram incluídos no trabalho 112 pacientes, todos do sexo masculino. A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 31 a 35 anos; mecânico foi a principal profissão; corpo estranho em superfície ocular representou 85% dos traumas; 72% dos pacientes levaram mais de 12 horas para procurar atendimento médico especializado; e 86% tiveram o primeiro atendimento na empresa. Metade dos pacientes usava equipamento de proteção. A acuidade final pós-trauma, na maioria dos pacientes, não sofreu impacto. Conclusão: Apesar de a maioria dos pacientes não ter apresentado sequelas visuais, o trauma ocular ocupacional levou à perda de dias de trabalho e a gastos com medicações. Estudos como este servem para mapear a problemática e traçar estratégias preventivas.

Background: Eye injury is the most frequent reason for visits to ophthalmological emergency departments, being one of the leading causes of avoidable blindness worldwide, with considerable socioeconomic impact on health systems and populations. Objective: To establish the epidemiologic profile of eye injury caused by work accidents, visual sequelae and socioeconomic impact. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients with occupational eye injury treated at an ophthalmologic emergency department from April to August 2016. Results: A total of 112 patients were included, all of them male. The most affected age group was 31 to 35 years old, and the main professional category the one of mechanics; foreign bodies on the eye surface represented 85% of injuries; 72% of patients sought specialized treatment more than 12 hours after the accident; and for 86% this was their first treatment at the company. Half of the patients used personal protection equipment. In most cases the final visual acuity after injury was not impaired. Conclusion: Although most patients did not remain with visual sequelae, occupational eye injury resulted in loss of working days and expenses with medication. Studies such as the present one contribute to the mapping of the investigated problem and the formulation of preventive strategies.

Profile of occupational eye injury at an ophthalmologic emergency department.

BACKGROUND: Eye injury is the most frequent reason for visits to ophthalmological emergency departments, being one of the leading causes of avoidable blindness worldwide and having considerable socioeconomic impact on health systems and populations. OBJECTIVE: To establish the epidemiologic profile of eye injuries caused by work accidents, visual sequelae and socioeconomic impact. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients with occupational eye injury treated at an ophthalmologic emergency department from April to August 2016. RESULTS: A total of 112 patients were included, all of them male. The most affected age group was 31 to 35 years old, and the main professional category the one of mechanics; foreign bodies on the eye surface represented 85% of injuries; 72% of patients sought specialized treatment more than 12hours after the accident; and for 86% this was their first treatment at the company. Half of the patients used personal protective equipment. In most cases the final visual acuity after injury was not impaired. CONCLUSION: Although most patients did not remain with visual sequelae, occupational eye injury resulted in loss of working days and expenses with medication. Studies such as the present one contribute to the mapping of the investigated problem and to the formulation of preventive strategies.

INTRODUÇÃO: Trauma ocular é o motivo mais frequente de atendimentos nas emergências oftalmológicas, sendo uma das principais causas de cegueira evitável no mundo e causando grande impacto socioeconômico no sistema de saúde e na população. OBJETIVO: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico dos traumas oculares decorrentes de acidentes de trabalho, as sequelas visuais e o impacto socioeconômico. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, por meio de revisão de prontuário dos pacientes portadores de trauma ocular ocupacional atendidos em emergência oftalmológica no período de abril a agosto de 2016. RESULTADOS: Foramincluídos no trabalho 112 pacientes, todos do sexo masculino. A faixa etária mais acometida foi de 31 a 35 anos; mecânico foi a principal profissão; corpo estranho em superfície ocular representou 85% dos traumas; 72% dos pacientes levaram mais de 12 horas para procurar atendimento médico especializado; e 86% tiveram o primeiro atendimento na empresa. Metade dos pacientes usava equipamento de proteção. A acuidade final pós-trauma, na maioria dos pacientes, não sofreu impacto. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de a maioria dos pacientes não ter apresentado sequelas visuais, o trauma ocular ocupacional levou à perda de dias de trabalho e a gastos com medicações. Estudos como este servem para mapear a problemática e traçar estratégias preventivas.

Fenilcetonúria: perfil e abandono de tratamento em centro de referência no Pará / Phenylketonuria: profile and treatment abandon in reference center in Pará

OBJETIVO: Verificar o perfil sociodemográfico e a frequência de abandono de tratamento dos portadores de fenilcetonúria atendidos em um serviço de referência. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, transverso, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, envolvendo todos os prontuários de pacientes fenilcetonúricos, atendidos no Serviço de Referência de Triagem Neonatal do Centro de Saúde-Escola Marco da Universidade do Estado do Pará, até novembro de 2013, com protocolo de autoria própria. RESULTADOS: No total, 36 pacientes compuseram a amostra; 52,77% eram do sexo feminino e 47,23% do sexo masculino. Três quartos não residiam em Belém (75%). Apenas um caso de abandono do tratamento (2,77%) foi confirmado, ou seja, um número ínfimo. Quanto ao diagnóstico da doença, 80,55% foram precoces. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil sociodemográfico traçado no atendimento do Centro de Saúde-Escola da Universidade do Estado do Pará foi: uma criança entre zero a 4 anos, do sexo feminino, diagnosticada precocemente, não residente em Belém, com tratamento efetivo, sem intercorrências que a fizessem abandonar o tratamento.

OBJECTIVE: To check the sociodemographic profile and the frequency of treatment abandon of phenylketonuria patients treated at a reference service. METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative approach study, involving all records of phenylketonuria patients treated at the neonatal screening reference center of the Marco School Health Center of State University of Pará until November 2013, with own protocol. RESULTS: It was counted 36 pacients, 52.77 % were female and 47.23% male. 3/4 doesn't live in Belém (75%). Only one confirmed case of noncompliance (2.77%), small number, however should be eradicated. Regarding the diagnosis of this disease, 80.55% were early. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 36 patients; 52.77 % were female and 47,23% male. Three of each four patients did not live in Belém (75%). We observed only one confirmed case of noncompliance (2.77%), that is a small number. Regarding the diagnosis of this disease, 80.55% were early. CONCLUSION: The sociodemographic profile in stroke care Centro de Saúde-Escola Marco was a child between zero to 4 years old female diagnosed early, non-resident of Belém, with sporadic and effective treatment without complications that made them to abandon treatment.

Use of siRNA molecular beacons to detect and attenuate mycobacterial infection in macrophages.

Tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious diseases plaguing mankind and is mediated by the facultative pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Once the pathogen enters the body, it subverts the host immune defenses and thrives for extended periods of time within the host macrophages in the lung granulomas, a condition called latent tuberculosis (LTB). Persons with LTB are prone to reactivation of the disease when the body's immunity is compromised. Currently there are no reliable and effective diagnosis and treatment options for LTB, which necessitates new research in this area. The mycobacterial proteins and genes mediating the adaptive responses inside the macrophage is largely yet to be determined. Recently, it has been shown that the mce operon genes are critical for host cell invasion by the mycobacterium and for establishing a persistent infection in both in vitro and in mouse models of tuberculosis. The YrbE and Mce proteins which are encoded by the MTB mce operons display high degrees of homology to the permeases and the surface binding protein of the ABC transports, respectively. Similarities in structure and cell surface location impute a role in cell invasion at cholesterol rich regions and immunomodulation. The mce4 operon is also thought to encode a cholesterol transport system that enables the mycobacterium to derive both energy and carbon from the host membrane lipids and possibly generating virulence mediating metabolites, thus enabling the bacteria in its long term survival within the granuloma. Various deletion mutation studies involving individual or whole mce operon genes have shown to be conferring varying degrees of attenuation of infectivity or at times hypervirulence to the host MTB, with the deletion of mce4A operon gene conferring the greatest degree of attenuation of virulence. Antisense technology using synthetic siRNAs has been used in knocking down genes in bacteria and over the years this has evolved into a powerful tool for elucidating the roles of various genes mediating infectivity and survival in mycobacteria. Molecular beacons are a newer class of antisense RNA tagged with a fluorophore/quencher pair and their use for in vivo detection and knockdown of mRNA is rapidly gaining popularity.

Pathophysiology of the constant burning, tingling element of neuropathic pain: a new hypothesis.

Neuropathic pain (NPP) presents itself with at least one of the following elements: constant, intermittent and evoked pain. The pathophysiology of NPP is still controversial, in especial of its constant element, the focus of this study. Many hypotheses have been proposed in an attempt to explain it, but none of them seems to account for the various aspects of the constant element of NPP. Under the phylogenetic perspective, it is postulated, the pain may be classified into two categories: paleopain, present in inferior animals, poorly localized, transmitted by the medial pain system pathways, and neopain, conducted by the lateral pain system pathways, very well localized, described in terms suggestive of tissue damage and present in superior animals. We believe that, in humans, under physiological circumstances, the expression of the paleopain was completely abolished. It is proposed that it is due to the tonic inhibition of the medial thalamus by the ventral posterior (VP) nucleus of the thalamus, via a circuit that the authors described and named prosencephalomesencephalic modulatory circuit (PMMC). Two pathways are suggested as activators of the PMMC: the neospinothalamic/neotrigeminothalamic and ventral spinothalamic tracts. The interruption of this circuit or of its activators, at any point, would lead to the release of the medial thalamus from the inhibitory influences of VP, allowing the manifestation of the paleopain. It is postulated that the constant burning, tingling element of NPP is nothing more than the clinical expression of the paleopain. Evidence to support this hypothesis is provided. As a direct consequence of the presented hypothesis, the substantia nigra pars reticulata is proposed as a new target of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of the constant burning, tingling element of NPP.

Neurocisticercose: evolução incomum para forma gigante intraventricular / Neurocysticercosis: unusual evolution to giant intraventricular form

Neurocisticercose é a parasitose mais frequente do sistema nervoso central. Os cisticercos se localizam principalmente no córtex do parênquima cerebral, menos frequentemente no espaço subaracnoideo, ou no sistema ventricular. Geralmente possuem 4 a 20 mm de diâmetro e, ocasionalmente, quando maiores que 50 mm determinam sua forma gigante de apresentação. Reportamos um caso incomum de neurocisticercose por cisto gigante intraventricular. Comentamos sobre os aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos...

Tratamento da ruptura prematura das membranas - técnicas experimentais / Treatment of premature rupture of membranes - experimental techniques

A ruptura prematura das membranas (RPM) é uma das principais complicações do período gestacional, sendo responsável por elevada taxa de morbimortalidade perinatal, principalmente quando ocorre em gestações precoces, no segundo trimestre e quando é acompanhada por oligoidrâmnio acentuado. Até o presente momento, não existe tratamento capaz de selar as membranas amnióticas. O manejo de casos de ruptura prematura das membranas espontânea no segundo trimestre muitas vezes consiste em indução do parto por causa do risco de infecção materna e baixa probabilidade de sobrevivência neonatal. A forma iatrogênica, apesar de ser menos freqüente, também é um problema, uma vez que procedimentos de amniocentese e fetoscopia estão sendo realizados com maior freqüência. Desta forma, são vários os esforços na tentativa de encontrar um tratamento para RPM, que diminua de forma significativa a alta incidência de mortalidade neonatal. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma revisão das técnicas experimentais que já foram utilizadas para o tratamento da ruptura prematura das membranas em gestações precoces.

The premature rupture of the membranes in the main complication of the pregnant period, being responsible for a high incidence of perinatal morbimortality, mainly when it happens in early pregnancy at the second trimester and it is associated with serious oligohydramnios. Until the present moment, there is no treatment to close the amniotic membranes. The treatment of the spontaneous premature rupture of the membranes in the second trimester pregnancy consist in, many time, induction of the labour because of the risk of maternal infection and the low probability of neonatal survival. The iatrogenic one, although less usual, it is a problem because procedures like amniocentesis and fetoscopy are developing with more frequency. So, efforts trying to find a way to treat the cause of the premature rupture of membranes to treat the cause of the premaure of membranes are being done in order to decrease the high incidence of the neonatal mortality. The objective of this article is to do a review of experimental techniques that had been already used for the treatment of the premature of the membranes in early pregnancy.